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| Migraine |
What exactly is a migraine?
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder that affects around 39 million people in the United States.
It has a number of symptoms, the most prominent of which is intense headache discomfort. A migraine attack, on the other hand, is considerably more than just a nasty headache. Symptoms vary from one person to the next, however they can include:
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an excruciating headache
sensitivity to sounds sensitivity to odors sensitivity to light changes in eyesight nausea vomiting
Migraine is a type of headache that can be episodic or chronic. Doctors classify migraine headache as episodic if it occurs just 14 times per month or less.
Chronic migraine is defined as pain that occurs 15 or more days per month and is accompanied by other migraine symptoms on the majority of these days.
Causes
Migraine is a puzzling condition. While the actual cause has yet to be determined, experts have discovered a number of contributing elements, including:
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Serotonin levels in the body, as well as electrical activity in the brain, are influenced by heredity and environmental variables.
Researchers are still looking into the causes of migraines.
Triggers
Certain circumstances, according to experts, can cause a migraine attack. The greatest method to avoid migraine attacks is to avoid the things that cause them. These might differ from person to person, and most migraine sufferers have many triggers.
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Foods and beverages are frequently included, including:
cheese and other dairy items, especially red wine
any meals with a strong odor chocolate coffee cured meats
Aspartame, monosodium glutamate, or MSG, and nitrates, which are commonly found in processed meats, are examples of preservatives and sweeteners.
The following are some more common triggers:
Meals are being skipped. A migraine attack might be triggered by skipping meals or not eating properly.
Exercise. An intensive workout session, especially if you haven't been active in a while, can set off a migraine attack.
Dehydration. Even mild dehydration might trigger a migraine attack in some people.
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Stimulation of the senses. A migraine attack might be triggered by unusually bright lights, loud noises, or strong odors. Typical triggers include flashlights, intense sunlight, scent, paint, and cigarette smoke.
Hormonal shifts Up to 75% of migraine sufferers say their episodes start around the time of their period. Others have experienced migraines during pregnancy or menopause. Experts believe that variations in oestrogen and progesterone levels can cause migraine attacks during these times.
Medication containing hormones Hormone replacement therapy and birth control, for example, can both induce and exacerbate migraine attacks. However, these treatments have been shown to lessen migraine symptoms in some cases.
Various other drugs Vasodilators, such as nitroglycerin, which are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, can cause migraine attacks.
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Stress. For nearly 70% of persons with migraines, stress may be a trigger. Physical stress, such as overexertion or sexual activity, can also induce migraine attacks, as can emotional stress resulting from expectations at work or at home.
Factors that are at risk Migraines do not affect everyone who is exposed to triggers. The following factors may have a role in determining your risk of having the disease:
Age. A first migraine attack can strike at any age, although most migraine sufferers experience their first attack during adolescence. History of the family. If you have a close family member who suffers from migraines, you are at a higher risk. In fact, 90% of those who have the disease have a family history of it. If one of your parents suffers from migraines, your chances of getting one are roughly 50 percent. If both parents suffer from migraines, the chance rises to 75%.
Sex. Males are more likely than females to suffer from migraines during childhood. Females are three times more likely to have it after puberty. Women's migraine risk continues to climb until they reach the age of 40, when it
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begins to decline.
Options for treatment
Migraine treatment is divided into two categories: acute and preventative.
During a migraine attack, a person receives urgent treatment to alleviate symptoms and prevent them from worsening. Over-the-counter pain medicines, prescription medications, and gadgets are all options. Many of these gadgets give stimulation that alters electrical transmission in the brain.
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Migraine prevention tries to minimize the incidence, severity, and duration of migraine attacks before they begin. Medications and surgeries, as well as lifestyle changes and behavioral treatment, are all options.
Only around 40% of persons who receive preventive treatment benefit from it. It helps lower the frequency of migraine attacks by at least 50% when it works.
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